Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Whole and Defatted Seeds of Italian Hemp Cultivars: A Two-Year Case Study

Valeria Menga, Carmela Garofalo, Serafino Suriano, Romina Beleggia, Salvatore Antonio Colecchia, Domenico Perrone, Massimo Montanari, Nicola Pecchioni and Clara Fares
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Valeria Menga: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Carmela Garofalo: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Serafino Suriano: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Romina Beleggia: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Salvatore Antonio Colecchia: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Domenico Perrone: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
Massimo Montanari: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
Nicola Pecchioni: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Clara Fares: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 6, 1-12

Abstract: The study investigated the nutritional profile and nutraceutical composition of the seeds (whole and defatted) of two monoecious hemp cultivars (Carmaleonte, Codimono) and one dioecious cultivar (CS) grown during the 2018 and 2019 crop seasons. The phenolic acid profiles, both free and bound, antioxidant activity (AA), protein content (PC), total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene, lutein content, and condensed tannins (CT) were studied, and the effects of genotype (G), year (Y), and GxY interaction were also measured. The results indicated the stronger involvement of the year in the nutritional and antioxidant properties of the whole seeds than in those of the defatted seeds, as indicated by the analysis of the variance. The PC, TPC, AA, sum of phenolics free (SPF), and sum of phenolics bound (SPB) were significantly affected by year, while the lutein and some phenolic acids, free and bound (ferulic and p -coumaric acids and N-trans-caffeoyltyramine), showed significant effects of the genotype. In this respect, the Carmaleonte revealed the highest content of ferulic and p -coumaric acids, as well as CS of N-trans-caffeoyltyramine. A prevalence of Y effect over G was measured in the free and bound fraction of the phenolics of the whole seeds, in contrast to the defatted seeds, in which significant effects of GxY were also measured. Moreover, the Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicated a strict involvement of precipitations in the variation of the phenolics accumulation, above all with bound p -hydroxybenzoic acid (r = 0.71 **), bound syringic acid (r = 0.69 *), bound N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (r = 0.64 *), and SPB (r = 0.60 *). As phenolics bound fractions have strong biological activities, (including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities) the high concentrations of N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine B in the CS defatted seeds suggest that it is valuable ingredient for functional foods.

Keywords: hemp seeds; defatted seed; phenolic acids profile; antioxidant activity; genotype; year (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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