Morphological Modulation of Broiler Organs in Response to an Organic Acid–Phytogen Composite in Healthy Broilers

Muhammad Zeeshan, Hafsa Zaneb, Saima Masood, Saima Ashraf, Imad Khan, Hafiz Faseeh Ur Rehman, Salahud Din and Khizar Hayat
Additional contact information
Muhammad Zeeshan: Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
Hafsa Zaneb: Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Saima Masood: Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Saima Ashraf: Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Imad Khan: College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Hafiz Faseeh Ur Rehman: Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Salahud Din: Department of Anatomy and Histology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Khizar Hayat: Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 6, 1-12

Abstract: In this study, we investigated broiler growth traits, intestinal health and immune aggregates in response to supplementation of Origanum vulgare and Cinnamomum verum , citric acid and malic acid in drinking water at varying levels and durations on broiler. We randomly allocated 140 day-old broilers into four (4) groups, with each group having seven replicates ( n = 5). A basal diet and water were provided to all the groups ad libitum in accordance with standard farming practices. Keeping group I as the control, group II was supplemented with 1 mL/3.3 L of water for 1–4 days, 1 mL/4 L from 15–18 days and 1 mL/4 L water from 26–29 days. Group III and IV were supplemented with 1 mL/4 L of water and 1 mL/6 L of water for 35 days, respectively. After the completion of the trial (day 35), two broilers per replicate (14 birds per group) were slaughtered to sample the visceral organs. The results demonstrated that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain improved ( p ≤ 0.05) during the fourth and fifth week of the trial in group III in comparison to the control group. Although the small intestine villus height and villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio improved ( p ≤ 0.05) in group III, the muscularis externa thickness of the ileum was highest ( p ≤ 0.05) in the control group. Similarly, the lymphatic follicular and nodular area of the immune organs improved ( p ≤ 0.05) in group III. In all segments of the small intestine (duodenal, jejunal and ileal), the number of acidic and total goblet cells was highest ( p ≤ 0.05) in group II. In conclusion, dietary Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum , citric acid and malic acid at the dose of 1 mL/4 L of drinking water (group III) was the most effective in improving the growth performance, gut development and associated immune components in broilers.

Keywords: poultry; essential oils; gut health; goblet cell; immune organs; growth performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/6/791/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/6/791/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:6:p:791-:d:828308

Access Statistics for this article

Agriculture is currently edited by Ms. Leda Xuan

More articles in Agriculture from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().