Structural Polymorphisms of Chromosome 3A m Containing Lr63 Leaf Rust Resistance Loci Reflect the Geographical Distribution of Triticum monococcum L. and Related Diploid Wheats

Aleksandra Noweiska, Roksana Bobrowska and Michał Tomasz Kwiatek
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Aleksandra Noweiska: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str., 60-632 Poznań, Poland
Roksana Bobrowska: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str., 60-632 Poznań, Poland
Michał Tomasz Kwiatek: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str., 60-632 Poznań, Poland

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 7, 1-11

Abstract: Wheat is one of the world’s crucial staple food crops. In turn, einkorn wheat ( Triticum monococcum L.) is considered a wild relative of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and can be used as a source of agronomically important genes for breeding purposes. Cultivated T. monococcum subsp. monococcum originated from T. monococcum subsp. aegilopoides (syn. T. boeticum ). For the better utilization of valuable genes from these species, it is crucial to discern the genetic diversity at their cytological and molecular levels. Here, we used a fluorescence in situ hybridization toolbox and molecular markers linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr63 (located on the short arm of the 3A m chromosome—3A m S) to track the polymorphisms between T. monococcum subsp. monococcum , T. boeticum and T. urartu (A-genome donor for hexaploid wheat) accessions, which were collected in different regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa. We distinguished three groups of accessions based on polymorphisms of cytomolecular and leaf rust resistance gene Lr63 markers. We observed that the cultivated forms of T. monococcum revealed additional marker signals, which are characteristic for genomic alternations induced by the domestication process. Based on the structural analysis of the 3A m S chromosome arm, we concluded that the polymorphisms were induced by geographical dispersion and could be related to adaptation to local environmental conditions.

Keywords: chromosome alternations; diploid wheat; species dispersion; domestication; einkorn; leaf rust resistance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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