Macronutrient Applications and Irrigation Regimes Impact Weed Dynamics and Weed Seedbank Augmentation in Solanum melongena L. Fields

Meisam Zargar (), Diana Magomedova, Serazhutdin Kurbanov, Yurii Pleskachiov and Elena Pakina
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Meisam Zargar: Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
Diana Magomedova: Department of Agrobiotechnology, Faculty of Agroecology, Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Jambulatov, 180, M. Hajiyev Str., 367032 Makhachkala, Russia
Serazhutdin Kurbanov: Department of Agrobiotechnology, Faculty of Agroecology, Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Jambulatov, 180, M. Hajiyev Str., 367032 Makhachkala, Russia
Yurii Pleskachiov: Federal Research Center Nemchinovka, p. 1, 30, Bolshoy Boulevard, the Territory of the Innovation Center “Skolkovo”, 121205 Moscow, Russia
Elena Pakina: Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Weeds are a major yield-limiting factor bedeviling eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) production in Russia. This study aimed to determine the influence of macronutrient rates and drip irrigation regimes on weed flora composition and potential soil contamination by weed seedbanks in the eggplant field. Three field experiments were conducted during the 2019–2021 cropping calendar. Two-factorial field experiments were designed in four blocks whereby the composition of weed flora in eggplants was examined under the influence of different macronutrient rates (40 tons manure and N 140 P 30 , 40 tons manure and N 320 P 120 K 210 , and control without fertilization), and three thresholds of pre-irrigation soil moisture % least moisture capacity (LMC) (in particular, 70, 80 and 90% LMC). The results demonstrated that nutrient rates contributed to a significant increase in weed density of 27.1 to 37.6%, due to an increase in the number of annual weeds (annual winter weeds and annual early spring weeds), and an increase in soil moisture threshold from 70 to 90%. Nevertheless, low moisture availability between the rows as a result of drip irrigation utilization led to a decrease in weed populations by 10.8 to 15.9%. Potential contamination of the arable soil layer with weed seed was desirably decreased, ranging from 19.8 to 21.7% with the application of fertilizers, compared with the control. Furthermore, the soil weed seedbank was considerably reduced by an increase in the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture.

Keywords: macronutrient; irrigation; species composition of weeds; weed seedbank; eggplant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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