Rumen Solubility of Copper, Manganese and Zinc and the Potential Link between the Source and Rumen Function: A Systematic Review

Antal Vigh (), Adriana Dalila Criste, Nicolae Corcionivoschi and Christine Gerard
Additional contact information
Antal Vigh: Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Adriana Dalila Criste: Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Nicolae Corcionivoschi: Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
Christine Gerard: SIPENA, 35400 Saint-Malo, France

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-16

Abstract: The dietary inclusion of trace minerals (TMs), such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), is of importance to cover the ever-evolving requirements for growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. Various sources of TMs are commercially available, such as inorganic (ITM), organic (OTM) or hydroxy (HTM) forms; however, their bioavailability and efficiency to improve ruminant zootechnical parameters may be highly influenced by ruminal solubility and effects on the rumen environment. The objective of this review was to compile the most up-to-date information on the ruminal solubility of ITMs, OTMs and HTMs and their effects on fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota, aiming to support specialists from the animal feed industry when choosing TM products for ruminant supplementation. Some commonly used ITM sources, like sulfates, have a high ruminal solubility, while oxides are less soluble. The ruminal solubility of OTMs is mostly found to be high; however, data on these TM forms are still lacking. Regarding HTMs, ruminal solubility is reported to be low; nevertheless, results are inconsistent. Considering rumen fermentation, ITMs show a negative effect, OTMs might improve, while HTMs do not affect parameters like dry matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production, pH or microbial protein synthesis. As for rumen microbiota, ITMs do not affect microbial populations; OTMs could decrease the abundance of some specific bacteria, like fibrolytic microorganisms, while studies with HTMs are missing or inconclusive. Further research is necessary to better understand the ruminal solubility kinetics of TM sources and the different interactions with fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota to successfully apply the precision TM supplementation of ruminants, tackling deficiency occurrences.

Keywords: ruminant; trace minerals; solubility; fermentation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/12/2198/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/12/2198/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:12:p:2198-:d:1287516

Access Statistics for this article

Agriculture is currently edited by Ms. Leda Xuan

More articles in Agriculture from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().