Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Dromedary Camels

Abdelfattah Selim (), Marawan A. Marawan, Abdelhamed Abdelhady and Majed H. Wakid
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Abdelfattah Selim: Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
Marawan A. Marawan: Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
Abdelhamed Abdelhady: Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Majed H. Wakid: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: (1) Background: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is one of the most prevalent parasites to affect humans and animals; (2) Methods: From January to December 2020, using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, a cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence of T. gondii in 390 dromedary camels raised in three governorates in Egypt and to identify the potential risk factors associated with infection; (3) Results: Overall, T. gondii seroprevalence in camels was 46.9%. Moreover, locality, sex, age, contact with small ruminants, history of abortion, and number of parities were found as risk factors for T. gondii infection in univariable analysis. The seropositivity to T. gondii increased significantly in camels living in Marsa Matrouh (OR = 2.02), among camels of more than 8 years old (OR = 5.28). Additionally, the likelihood of acquiring T. gondii infection was increased in camels that had contact with small ruminants (OR = 3.85) and a history of abortion (OR = 3.84) with these having parity more than four times (OR = 17.72); (4) Conclusions: The evaluation of seroprevalence and related risk factors for T. gondii infection is crucial for implementing an effective control programme to minimise and control T. gondii infection in camels and, as a result, transmission to humans.

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; ELISA; risk factors; dromedary camels; Egypt (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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