Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase

Marcelo de Almeida Silva (), Hariane Luiz Santos, Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira, Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva, Jania Claudia Camilo dos Santos and Fernanda Pacheco de Almeida Prado Bortolheiro
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Marcelo de Almeida Silva: Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Hariane Luiz Santos: Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira: Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva: Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Jania Claudia Camilo dos Santos: Federal Institute of Alagoas—Campus Santana do Ipanema, Santana do Ipanema 57500-000, AL, Brazil
Fernanda Pacheco de Almeida Prado Bortolheiro: Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: Since climate changes have caused water restrictions, safflower stands out as an alternative crop due to its adaptability to restrictive soil and climate conditions. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the physiological and yield performance of four safflower lines (IMA 02, IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21) under two water regimes [without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC); and with water deficiency—50% of FC]. The water regimes were imposed for 30 days during the flowering phase, followed by rehydration for 20 days. Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching. In contrast, it increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching. The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes. IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21 were considered tolerant because their physiological variables and yield components were less affected by water restriction, and they also showed recovery after rehydration compared to IMA 02. Thus, these lines can be recommended for commercial use, and safflower breeding programs aiming to select superior genotypes under drought conditions.

Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius L.; water restriction; gas exchange; chlorophyll a fluorescence; yield components (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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