Survival of Phytophthora cryptogea and Phytophthora cactorum in Commercial Potting Substrates for Eucalyptus globulus Plants

Clara Benavent-Celma (), Debbie McLaggan, Pieter van West and Steve Woodward
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Clara Benavent-Celma: Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
Debbie McLaggan: International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
Pieter van West: International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
Steve Woodward: Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: The international plant trade is considered to be the main pathway causing the spread of oomycetes internationally, especially when live plants are accompanied by soil or potting substrates. Modern, rapid shipping technologies, together with inadequate management practices in nurseries, increase the probability of survival of plant pathogens and the subsequent chances of disease outbreaks in new locations. The survival of two oomycete soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cryptogea and Phytophthora cactorum , was studied in two different commercial potting substrates (peat-based and peat-free) in the absence of a plant host under simulated nursery conditions in a glasshouse for 21 months. Colony forming units (CFUs) of both pathogens were recovered 21 months after substrate inoculation, with a decrease in CFUs of between 92 and 99%, depending on the pathogen and substrate. Eucalyptus globulus plants were then planted into these inoculated pots. After 21 months, P. cryptogea and P. cactorum remained capable of producing diseases in E. globulus plants, resulting in up to 30% mortality and an up to 5-fold greater disease severity. These results highlight the ability of these pathogens to survive in the absence of a suitable host plant in potting substrates over time and to then have the capacity to infect a plant. This research adds to the body of essential evidence that is required to develop meaningful management practices and potting substrates at the nursery level to minimize the risk of the spread of oomycetes through the international plant trade.

Keywords: Phytophthora; soil-borne pathogens; potting substrates; peat-based; peat-free; survival; pathogenicity; infectivity; soil properties (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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