Changes in the Properties of Hazelnut Shells Due to Conduction Drying

Ana Matin, Ivan Brandić (), Neven Voća, Nikola Bilandžija, Božidar Matin, Vanja Jurišić, Alan Antonović and Tajana Krička
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Ana Matin: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ivan Brandić: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Neven Voća: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Nikola Bilandžija: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Božidar Matin: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Vanja Jurišić: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Alan Antonović: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Tajana Krička: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: In this study, the physical properties of two hazelnut species were investigated before and after drying at different temperatures and durations. The results showed that the physical properties of the hazelnut samples, including size, volume, density, weight, kernel mass, and shell mass, were significantly affected by temperature, duration, and their interactions. In addition, the moisture content of the samples decreased with increasing temperature and drying duration. The lowest value for the Istarski duguljasti variety was 5.36% (160 °C and 45 min), while the lowest value for Rimski okrugli was measured at 160 °C and 60 min (5.02%). Ash content was affected by both temperature and time, with the Istarski duguljasti variety having a minimum value of 0.84% at 120 °C and 60 min and Rimski okrugli a maximum value of 1.24% at 100 °C and 30 min. The variables of the ultimate analysis, such as nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and hydrogen, increased with increasing temperature and time. The oxygen content and the higher heating value decreased with increasing temperature. Energy optimization in the drying process is crucial to reduce costs and save time. Effective energy optimization measures can lead to significant cost savings and improved operational efficiency in the drying process.

Keywords: hazelnut; biomass; conductive drying; chemical composition; physical characteristics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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