Impact of Seed Treatment with Imidacloprid, Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam on Soil, Plants, Bees and Hive Products

Roxana Zaharia, Elena Trotuș, Georgeta Trașcă, Emil Georgescu, Agripina Șapcaliu, Viorel Fătu, Cristina Petrișor () and Carmen Mincea
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Roxana Zaharia: Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd, No. 8 District 1, 013813 Bucharest, Romania
Elena Trotuș: Research and Development Agriculture Station Secuieni, Principal Street, No. 377, Neamt County, 617415 Secuieni, Romania
Georgeta Trașcă: Research and Development Agriculture Station Pitesti, Arges County, 117030 Albota, Romania
Emil Georgescu: National Agriculture Research and Development Institute, Nicolae Titulescu Street, No. 1, Calarasi County, 915200 Fundulea, Romania
Agripina Șapcaliu: Research and Development Institute for Beekeping, Ficusului Boulevard, No. 42, District 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania
Viorel Fătu: Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd, No. 8 District 1, 013813 Bucharest, Romania
Cristina Petrișor: Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd, No. 8 District 1, 013813 Bucharest, Romania
Carmen Mincea: Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd, No. 8 District 1, 013813 Bucharest, Romania

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-13

Abstract: This paper presents studies performed for the monitoring of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam residues applied as seed treatment in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ssp. oleifera ), maize ( Zea mays ) and sunflower crops ( Helianthus annuus) . The experiments were located in representative areas of the mentioned crops. Residue levels were determined in plant samples at different phenological development stages, including flowers, as well as in bees and hive products (pollen, honeycomb, honey) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The analyses were performed in ISO 17025-accredited laboratories, referring to the limit of quantification (LOQ), characteristic of the method used to determine the residues. In 2019, the percentage of samples that contained residues of the three substances, applied to the seed, was 16.39%, representing 20 samples out of the total of 122 analyzed samples. In 2020, 10 samples contained neonicotinoid residues above the LOQ, including 5 soil samples and 5 plant samples, representing 6.17% of the total samples. In 2021, from 149 samples with neonicotinoid applied as seed treatment, residues were identified in 12 soil samples and 11 plant samples, representing 15.43% of the total number of samples. In 2022, only 12 soil samples and 1 pasture sample contained residues above the LOQ. The results show that the highest percentage of samples with residues above the LOQ was recorded by the soil samples, while the flower and bee samples had the lowest percentages of samples with residues above the LOQ; no residues of the three neonicotinoid substances were identified in the honey samples.

Keywords: monitoring; neonicotinoids; residues; oilseed rape; maize and sunflower; hive products (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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