Predicting Ventilation Rate in a Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barn in Wind-Forced Conditions Using Machine Learning Techniques

Mengbing Cao, Qianying Yi, Kaiying Wang, Jiangong Li () and Xiaoshuai Wang ()
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Mengbing Cao: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Qianying Yi: Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
Kaiying Wang: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Jiangong Li: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Xiaoshuai Wang: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-18

Abstract: Precise ventilation rate estimation of a naturally ventilated livestock building can benefit the control of the indoor environment. Machine learning has become a useful technique in many research fields and might be applied to ventilation rate prediction. This paper developed a machine-learning model for ventilation rate prediction from batch computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. By comparing deep neural networks (DNN), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF), the best machine learning algorithm was selected. By comparing the modeling scheme of direct single-output (ventilation rate) and indirect multiple-output (predict averaged air velocities normal to the openings, then calculate the ventilation rate), the performances of the machine learning models widely applied in ventilation rate prediction were evaluated. In addition, this paper further evaluated the impact of adding indoor air velocity measurement in ventilation rate prediction. The results showed that the modeling performance of the DNN algorithm (Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 20.1%) was better than those of the SVR (MAPE = 23.2%) and RF algorithm (MAPE = 21.0%). The scheme of multiple-output performed better (MAPE < 8%) than the single-output scheme (MAPE = 20.1%), where MAPE was the mean absolute percentage error. Additionally, the comparison of modeling schemes with different inputs showed that the predictive accuracy could be improved by adding indoor velocities to the inputs. The MAPE decreased from 7.7% in the scheme without indoor velocity to 4.4% in the scheme with one indoor velocity, and 3.1% in the scheme with two indoor velocities. The location of the additional air velocity affected the accuracy of the predictive model, with the ones at the bottom layer performing better in the prediction than those at the top layer. This study enables a real-time and accurate prediction of the ventilation rate of a barn and provides a recommendation for optimal indoor sensor placement.

Keywords: dairy cattle barn; numerical simulation; machine learning; predictive model; ventilation rate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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