Morphological, Histological, and Glyphosate Residue Analysis of Helianthus annuus L. Plants Treated with Glyphosate

Szilvia Kisvarga, Dóra Hamar-Farkas (), Katalin Horotán, Katalin Inotai, Mária Mörtl, András Neményi, András Székács and László Orlóci
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Szilvia Kisvarga: Ornamental Plant and Green System Management Research Group, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1223 Budapest, Hungary
Dóra Hamar-Farkas: Ornamental Plant and Green System Management Research Group, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1223 Budapest, Hungary
Katalin Horotán: Zoological Department, Institute of Biology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, 3300 Eger, Hungary
Katalin Inotai: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
Mária Mörtl: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
András Neményi: Ornamental Plant and Green System Management Research Group, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1223 Budapest, Hungary
András Székács: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
László Orlóci: Ornamental Plant and Green System Management Research Group, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 1223 Budapest, Hungary

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: Several recent studies have shown that glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), resist rapid degradation and, therefore, can accumulate in plants. Continuing our previous research, we aimed to investigate the effect of indirectly spraying glyphosate on leaves and soil on non-target plants in the case of Helianthus annuus L. The plants were treated with glyphosate in their 5–6 leaf stages, the effects of which were assessed two weeks later from a morphological and histological point of view, as an evaluation of the residues of glyphosate and its metabolite, AMPA. They had an effect on both treated groups. In the case of the morphological parameters (plant height, number of leaves, and fresh and dried root and green mass), the data of the treated plants were statistically lower than in the case of the control group. The epidermis and the transport tissue system were damaged, and tissue death was observed in plants exposed to glyphosate. Both compounds were detected in all plant parts (roots, stems, lower leaves, and upper leaves), well above the limit of detection (0.025 mg/kg) and limit of quantitation 0.075 mg/kg showing a statistical difference with the control plants. This proved that glyphosate is incorporated into the plant organism even when applied indirectly.

Keywords: glyphosate; AMPA; Helianthus; sustainability; toxicology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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