Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Greek Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Accessions Using DNA Markers and Association with Phenotypic and Chemical Variation

Charikleia Papaioannou, Georgia Fassou, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Fotini N. Lamari, Penelope J. Bebeli and Vasileios Papasotiropoulos ()
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Charikleia Papaioannou: Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Nea Ktiria, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
Georgia Fassou: Laboratory of Botany, Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
Spyridon A. Petropoulos: Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou, 38446 Volos, Greece
Fotini N. Lamari: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, University Campus Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
Penelope J. Bebeli: Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
Vasileios Papasotiropoulos: Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Nea Ktiria, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: The genetic diversity of 27 garlic accessions (local varieties/landraces) was investigated using five simple sequence repeat (SSR) and six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The SSR genotyping revealed 26 different alleles, while 84 polymorphic bands were produced using the ISSR markers. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.471 and 0.465 for the SSR and the ISSR markers, respectively. Compared to ISSRs, SSR markers revealed a higher level of redundancy, indicating potential duplicates among the accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on both marker systems showed that most of the molecular diversity was attributable to differences within accessions, rather than among them. UPGMA, STRUCTURE, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on the SSRs produced similar clustering results, although not in agreement with those produced by the ISSR markers. Fisher’s exact tests and multinomial logistic regression analyses identified significant associations between the chemical compounds, the morphological traits of the bulb, and specific SSR and ISSR loci. Our results provide a molecular basis for understanding the genetic diversity of Greek garlic landraces, which could be useful for the conservation and sustainable management of this crop. Potential markers fostering the selection of genotypes in garlic breeding have also been revealed.

Keywords: garlic; genetic diversity; accessions; landraces; local varieties; genetic association; SSR markers; ISSR markers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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