A Review on White Mango Scale Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management

Syed Turab Raza (), Abid Hameed Khan, Asifa Hameed (), Noor Muhammad, Abdul Ghaffar Grewal, Muhammad Tariq Malik, Muhammad Imran, Ghulam Mustafa and Atif Iqbal
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Syed Turab Raza: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
Abid Hameed Khan: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Asifa Hameed: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Noor Muhammad: Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Abdul Ghaffar Grewal: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Muhammad Tariq Malik: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Ghulam Mustafa: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Atif Iqbal: Mango Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, issue 9, 1-20

Abstract: The white mango scale (WMS) insect, Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is a polyphagous, multivoltine pest which is a serious threat to qualitative mango production and export. The WMS insect sucks sap from leaves, branches and fruits. The heavy infestation of this pest may cause the falling of young leaves, drying up of twigs, poor flowering, and, finally, reduce the quality of fruits by producing pink spots on fruits’ surface. This review paper was written to provide comprehensive information about pest biology, ecology and management in different parts of the world. WMS was first reported on the island of Formosa on Mangifera indica in 1929 and later on in the Caribbean Islands, India and Brazil. Now it is found in almost 69 mango-producing countries of the world. The thermal regime may affect the population of pests. In Australia, the life cycle is completed in 35–40 days in summer and 70–85 days in winter. Variety, age of plants, number of trees per acre, canopy size and sunlight penetration affect the density of WMS. Different Coccinellid beetles and parasitoid Encarsia femorosa feed on WMS; however, farmers most commonly use insecticides to get rid of this pest. In Pakistan, WMS is a growing threat to the export of mangoes; hence IPM plan is needed to reduce the pest numbers and enhance qualitative mango production.

Keywords: Aulacaspis tubercularis; environmental variables; damage; cultural control; chemical control and biological control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
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