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MLP-YOLOv5: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Identification Model for Lotus Pods with Scale Variation

Ange Lu, Jun Liu (), Hao Cui, Lingzhi Ma and Qiucheng Ma
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Ange Lu: School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Jun Liu: School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Hao Cui: School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Lingzhi Ma: School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Qiucheng Ma: School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

Agriculture, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-23

Abstract: Lotus pods in unstructured environments often present multi-scale characteristics in the captured images. As a result, it makes their automatic identification difficult and prone to missed and false detections. This study proposed a lightweight multi-scale lotus pod identification model, MLP-YOLOv5, to deal with this difficulty. The model adjusted the multi-scale detection layer and optimized the anchor box parameters to enhance the small object detection accuracy. The C3 module with transformer encoder (C3-TR) and the shuffle attention (SA) mechanism were introduced to improve the feature extraction ability and detection quality of the model. GSConv and VoVGSCSP modules were adopted to build a lightweight neck, thereby reducing model parameters and size. In addition, SIoU was utilized as the loss function of bounding box regression to achieve better accuracy and faster convergence. The experimental results on the multi-scale lotus pod test set showed that MLP-YOLOv5 achieved a mAP of 94.9%, 3% higher than the baseline. In particular, the model’s precision and recall for small-scale objects were improved by 5.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Compared with other mainstream algorithms, MLP-YOLOv5 showed more significant advantages in detection accuracy, parameters, speed, and model size. The test results verified that MLP-YOLOv5 can quickly and accurately identify multi-scale lotus pod objects in complex environments. It could effectively support the harvesting robot by accurately and automatically picking lotus pods.

Keywords: lotus pod; multi-scale object detection; deep learning; MLP-YOLOv5; lightweight (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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