Fusarium Species Shifts in Maize Grain as a Response to Climatic Changes in Poland

Elzbieta Czembor (), Seweryn Frasiński, Monika Urbaniak, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Jerzy H. Czembor and Łukasz Stępień
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Elzbieta Czembor: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
Seweryn Frasiński: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
Monika Urbaniak: Department of Plant-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
Jerzy H. Czembor: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
Łukasz Stępień: Department of Plant-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-20

Abstract: Maize, along with wheat and rice, is the most important crop for food security. Ear rots caused by Fusarium species are among the most important diseases of maize. The distribution of Fusarium species provides essential epidemiological information for disease management. The effect of weather conditions, climate change and geographic localization on the Fusarium population in Poland was evaluated between 2015 and 2018. Grain samples ( n = 233) were collected from hybrids at 16 locations (L1–L16). The differences in altitude between locations ranged from 39 to 243 m above sea level, longitude varied between 15°55′ and 23°12′ E, and latitude spanned from 50°12′ to 54°01′ N. Isolates were identified using molecular techniques. The highest Fusarium species frequency was recorded for 2016 (30.70%) and 2017 (28.18%), and the lowest for 2018 (5.36%). F. verticillioides and F. temperatum were the most frequent. Altitude has an effect on F. vericillioides frequency: F. graminearum showed a negative correlation with both latitude and longitude. In Polish conditions, from silking to harvesting, the number of days with higher precipitation and lower temperatures is associated with an increased frequency of F. verticillioides , F. temperatum , F. graminearum and F. avenaceum . This suggests that the Fusarium presence in Poland is significantly influenced not only by climate change but also by extreme weather changes.

Keywords: climate change; epidemiology; Fusarium species; maize ear rot; translation elongation factor tef -1 α; weather conditions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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