Advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform–Infrared, Visible-NearInfrared and X-ray Diffraction Methods Used for Characterization of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers Based on Biosolids

Ramona Crainic, Elena Mihaela Nagy, Gabriel Fodorean, Mihai Vasilescu, Petru Pascuta, Florin Popa and Radu Fechete ()
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Ramona Crainic: Doctoral School, Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Elena Mihaela Nagy: National Institute of Research—Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry—INMA Bucureşti—Cluj-Napoca Branch, 400458 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Gabriel Fodorean: National Institute of Research—Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry—INMA Bucureşti—Cluj-Napoca Branch, 400458 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mihai Vasilescu: Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Petru Pascuta: Faculty of Material and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Florin Popa: Faculty of Material and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Radu Fechete: Faculty of Material and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: Biosolids from stabilized sludge present a high fertilization potential, due to their rich content of nutrients and organic matter. The intrinsic and subtle properties of such fertilizers may greatly influence the fertilization efficiency. In this sense, the utility, advantages and limitations of advanced characterization methods, for the investigation of structural and dynamic properties at the microscopic scale of slightly different formulations of fertilizers were assessed. For that, three formulas of organo-mineral fertilizers based on biosolids (V1, V2 and V3), having at least 2% N, 2% P 2 O 5 , and 2% K 2 O, were characterized by advanced methods, such as 1 H NMR relaxometry, 1 H MAS and 13 C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, 1 H double-quantum NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Advanced structural characterization was performed using SEM, EDX and X-ray diffraction. Four dynamical components were identified in the NMR T 2 distribution showing that the rigid component has a percentage larger than 90%, which explains the broad band of NMR spectra confirmed by the distributions of many components in residual dipolar coupling as were revealed by 1 H DQ-NMR measurements. SEM and EDX measurements helped the identification of components from crystalline-like X-ray diffraction patterns. To evaluate the release properties of organo-mineral fertilizers, dynamic measurements of classical electric conductivity and pH were performed by placing 0.25 g of the formulas (V1, V2 and V3) in 200 mL of distilled water. The content of N and P were quantified using specific reactants, combined with VIS-nearIR spectroscopy. Two release mechanisms were observed and characterized. It was found that V3 presents the smallest release velocity but releases the largest number of fertilizers.

Keywords: biosolids; organo-mineral fertilizers; 1 H NMR relaxometry and double-quantum; 1 H and 13 C NMR; FT-IR and VIS-nearIR spectroscopy; XRD; SEM and EDX characterization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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