Development and Effects of Organic Farms in Poland, Taking into Account Their Location in Areas Facing Natural or Other Specific Constraints

Marek Zieliński (), Wioletta Wrzaszcz, Jolanta Sobierajewska and Marcin Adamski
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Marek Zieliński: Department of Economics of Agricultural and Horticultural Holdings, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland
Wioletta Wrzaszcz: Department of Agricultural Economy, Agricultural Policy and Rural Development, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland
Jolanta Sobierajewska: Department of Economics of Agricultural and Horticultural Holdings, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland
Marcin Adamski: Department of Economics of Agricultural and Horticultural Holdings, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Organic farms should, by definition, place particular emphasis on the protection of agricultural soils, landscape care and activities aimed at producing high-quality agricultural products. However, when joining this production system, the farms face many challenges in order to make these contributions to society at the expected level. The main aim of the study is to determine the scale of disproportions in production effects achieved by farms between organic and conventional production systems, taking into account the quality of natural management conditions. An equally important goal is to determine the factors in Polish agriculture that determine whether to conduct this production system. The paper aims to indicate the direction of development of organic farming in the EU, including Poland, based on the Eurostat data for 2012–2020. It was noted that the current development of the organic farming sector in EU member states has been at different rates. In Poland, its development strength largely depends on the presence of ANCs. Nearly ¾ of organic utilized agriculture area (UAA) is located in communes with a large share of them. Organic farms achieve lower production effects in comparison to conventional farms, and their disproportions also depend on the quality of natural farming conditions. In Poland, the personal competences of farmers are also an important determinant in joining organic farming.

Keywords: areas facing natural or other specific constraints (ANCs); EU CAP; Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN); organic farms; production effects; yield gaps (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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