Comparative Evaluation of Analytical Techniques for Quantifying and Characterizing Polyethylene Microplastics in Farmland Soil Samples

Zaibin Wang, Xufeng Wang, Can Hu (), Tida Ge, Long Wang, Jianfei Xing, Xiaowei He and Yachuan Zhao
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Zaibin Wang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Xufeng Wang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Can Hu: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Tida Ge: State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Long Wang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Jianfei Xing: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Xiaowei He: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
Yachuan Zhao: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: The presence of microplastics in soil has become a significant global concern, posing a threat to environmental, agricultural, and human health. However, the use of various detection methods has led to significant discrepancies in the statistics reported for the abundance of soil microplastics across the available literature, resulting in poor comparability across the available literature. Studies have shown that plastic film residue is among the main primary sources of microplastics in farmland soils. Therefore, we manufactured and selected polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) from plastic film and combined them with soil samples after density separation treatment, forming a spiked test soil sample, which was subjected to density separation and extraction using a ZnCl 2 solution. The experiment used visual inspection by stereo microscopy, micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectrometry, laser direct infrared imaging, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of spiked soil. This study systematically assessed and compared these five common soil microplastic detection methods. The results revealed different quantitative detection accuracies across various particle size ranges. Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a broader applicable particle size range (20–5000 μm) and higher detection rate (91%), while the detection range (>50 μm) and rate (70%) of visual inspection through stereo microscopy were lower. For the identification of microplastic morphology, laser direct infrared imaging performed better, whereas micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy had the advantage in determining the types of polymers present over micro-Raman spectrometry. The advantages, disadvantages, and detection rates of the above five detection methods were clarified during the detection process. Considering these findings and similar studies, we suggest three combinations of the evaluated methods to optimize the detection of PE-MPs.

Keywords: microplastics; identification; soil environment; film mulching; detection rate comparison (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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