1 H-NMR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics to Classify Wines According to Different Grape Varieties and Different Terroirs

Paola Bambina, Alberto Spinella, Giuseppe Lo Papa, Delia Francesca Chillura Martino, Paolo Lo Meo, Luciano Cinquanta and Pellegrino Conte ()
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Paola Bambina: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Alberto Spinella: Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN Center), University of Palermo, Via F. Marini 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Giuseppe Lo Papa: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Delia Francesca Chillura Martino: Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Paolo Lo Meo: Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Luciano Cinquanta: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Pellegrino Conte: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-22

Abstract: In this study, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics was applied to study the wine metabolome and to classify wines according to different grape varieties and different terroirs. By obtaining the metabolomic fingerprinting and profiling of the wines, it was possible to assess the metabolic biomarkers leading the classification (i.e., phenolic compounds, aroma compounds, amino acids, and organic acids). Moreover, information about the influence of the soil in shaping wine metabolome was obtained. For instance, the relationship between the soil texture and the content of amino acids and organic acids in wines was highlighted. The analysis conducted in this study allowed extraction of relevant spectral information not only from the most populated and concentrated spectral areas (e.g., aliphatic and carbinolic areas), but also from crowded spectral areas held by lowly concentrated compounds (i.e., polyphenols). This may be due to a successful combination between the parameters used for data reduction, preprocessing and elaboration. The metabolomic fingerprinting also allowed exploration of the H-bonds network inside the wines, which affects both gustatory and olfactory perceptions, by modulating the way how solutes interact with the human sensory receptors. These findings may have important implications in the context of food traceability and quality control, providing information about the chemical composition and biomolecular markers from a holistic point of view.

Keywords: 1 H-NMR spectroscopy; metabolomics; chemometrics; wine; terroir (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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