Refinement of Cropland Data Layer with Effective Confidence Layer Interval and Image Filtering

Reza Maleki, Falin Wu (), Amel Oubara, Loghman Fathollahi and Gongliu Yang
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Reza Maleki: SNARS Laboratory, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Falin Wu: SNARS Laboratory, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Amel Oubara: SNARS Laboratory, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Loghman Fathollahi: Meteorological Department of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Orumiyeh 670056, Iran
Gongliu Yang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 8, 1-23

Abstract: Various systems have been developed to process agricultural land data for better management of crop production. One such system is Cropland Data Layer (CDL), produced by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The CDL has been widely used for training deep learning (DL) segmentation models. However, it contains various errors, such as salt-and-pepper noise, and must be refined before being used in DL training. In this study, we used two approaches to refine the CDL for DL segmentation of major crops from a time series of Sentinel-2 monthly composite images. Firstly, different confidence intervals of the confidence layer were used to refine the CDL. Secondly, several image filters were employed to improve data quality. The refined CDLs were then used as the ground-truth in DL segmentation training and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the CDL with +45% and +55% confidence intervals produced the best results, improving the accuracy of DL segmentation by approximately 1% compared to non-refined data. Additionally, filtering the CDL using the majority and expand–shrink filters yielded the best performance, enhancing the evaluation metrics by about 1.5%. The findings suggest that pre-filtering the CDL and selecting an effective confidence interval can significantly improve DL segmentation performance, contributing to more accurate and reliable agricultural monitoring.

Keywords: Cropland Data Layer (CDL); crop mapping; confidence layer; segmentation; deep learning; Sentinel-2 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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