Development of an RGB-GE Data Generation and XAI-Based On-Site Classification System for Differentiating Zizyphus jujuba and Zizyphus mauritiana in Herbal Medicine Applications

So Jin Park, Hyein Lee, Yu-Jin Jeon, Da Hyun Woo, Ho-Youn Kim, Jung-Ok Kim and Dae-Hyun Jung ()
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So Jin Park: Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
Hyein Lee: Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
Yu-Jin Jeon: Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
Da Hyun Woo: Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
Ho-Youn Kim: Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si 25451, Republic of Korea
Jung-Ok Kim: Quality Certification Center, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development (NIKOM), Daegu 41934, Republic of Korea
Dae-Hyun Jung: Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: Herbal medicines have significant industrial value in East Asia. Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa, used in Korea for treating insomnia, is often confused with Zizyphus mauritiana Lam., which has unverified medicinal properties yet is sold at premium prices. This misclassification undermines consumer trust and poses health risks. This study proposes a deep learning-based classification system trained on RGB-GE data, combining grayscale and edge-detected images with RGB inputs to enhance feature extraction while reducing color-dependency. Our method achieves superior generalization while maintaining cost-effectiveness. The system incorporates Grad-CAM for model interpretation and reliability. By comparing accuracy and speed across basicCNN, DenseNet, and InceptionV3 models, we identified an optimal solution for on-site herbal medicine classification, achieving 98.36% accuracy with basicCNN, ensuring reliable quality control.

Keywords: feature extraction; image processing; deep learning classification; Grad-CAM; herbal medicine; field application technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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