Optimization of Deoxynivalenol Removal from Wheat Grains Using Single- and Multi-Frequency Ultrasound and Impact on Quality Characteristics

Bengang Wu, Chenyu Song, Shenao Nan, Baosheng Sun, Haile Ma and Yiting Guo ()
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Bengang Wu: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Chenyu Song: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Shenao Nan: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Baosheng Sun: Taizhou Grain and Oil Quality Testing Institute, 10, Hongqi Avenue West, Taizhou 225300, China
Haile Ma: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Yiting Guo: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-14

Abstract: This study systematically investigated the efficacy of ultrasound technology in removing deoxynivalenol (DON, also known as vomitoxin) from contaminated wheat grains and its impact on grain quality. By applying different ultrasonic frequencies (single-frequency 22 kHz, dual-frequency 22/40 kHz, and tri-frequency 22/33/40 kHz) and treatment durations (10–40 min), the removal efficiency of DON and changes in quality characteristics—including moisture content, weight gain, solid loss, color, hardness, and viscosity—were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated that dual-frequency ultrasound (22/40 kHz) achieved the highest DON removal rate (25.84%) after 40 min, significantly outperforming single- and tri-frequency treatments. Ultrasound treatment increased the moisture content and weight of wheat grains, reduced hardness (though without significant differences), and affected color and viscosity. This study revealed that multi-frequency ultrasound enhances DON removal through synergistic cavitation effects, with dual-frequency ultrasound offering a superior balance between removal efficiency and energy consumption. This research provides a theoretical foundation and technical references for the safe and efficient elimination of DON contamination in wheat.

Keywords: DON; ultrasonic technology; wheat grains; synergistic multi-frequency ultrasound effect; quality characteristics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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