Multiscale Water Cycle Mechanisms and Return Flow Utilization in Paddy Fields of Plain Irrigation Districts

Jie Zhang, Yujiang Xiong, Peihua Jiang, Niannian Yuan and Fengli Liu ()
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Jie Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Yujiang Xiong: Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
Peihua Jiang: College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Niannian Yuan: Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
Fengli Liu: Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of returned water in paddy fields at different scales and the rules of its reuse in China’s Ganfu Plain Irrigation District through multiscale (field, lateral canal, main canal, small watershed) observations, thereby optimizing water resource management and improving water use efficiency. Subsequent investigations during the 2021–2022 double-cropping rice seasons revealed that the tillering stage emerged as a critical drainage period, with 49.5% and 52.2% of total drainage occurring during this phase in early and late rice, respectively. Multiscale drainage heterogeneity displayed distinct patterns, with early rice following a “decrease-increase” trend while late rice exhibited “decrease-peak-decline” dynamics. Smaller scales (field and lateral canal) produced 37.1% higher drainage than larger scales (main canal and small watershed) during the reviving stage. In contrast, post-jointing-booting stages showed 103.6% higher drainage at larger scales. Return flow utilization peaked at the field-lateral canal scales, while dynamic regulation of Fangxi Lake’s storage capacity achieved 60% reuse efficiency at the watershed scale. We propose an integrated optimization strategy combining tillering-stage irrigation/drainage control, multiscale hydraulic interception (control gates and pond weirs), and dynamic watershed storage scheduling. This framework provides theoretical and practical insights for enhancing water use efficiency and mitigating non-point source pollution in plain irrigation districts.

Keywords: paddy water cycle; multiscale; return flow; plain irrigation districts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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