Harnessing Phosphocompost Extracts to Mitigate Meloidogyne javanica Impacts on Tomato

El Mehdi Bouchtaoui, Ayoub Haouas, Mouna Fahr, Aouatif Benali, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi, Khalid Khfif, Abdelmjid Zouahri, Driss Iraqi, Khalid Azim, Abdelaziz Smouni and Fouad Mokrini ()
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El Mehdi Bouchtaoui: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
Ayoub Haouas: Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
Mouna Fahr: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
Aouatif Benali: Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
Abdelfattah A. Dababat: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06170 Ankara, Turkey
Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq
Khalid Khfif: Laboratory of Entomology, Research Unit on Nuclear Technique, Environment, and Quality, Regional Center of Agricultural Research, INRA-Tangier, Tangier 90010, Morocco
Abdelmjid Zouahri: Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
Driss Iraqi: Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
Khalid Azim: Integrated Crop Production Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
Abdelaziz Smouni: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
Fouad Mokrini: Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-21

Abstract: This study evaluated the chemical properties of phosphocompost extracts and their effectiveness in inducing tomato seedlings resistance to Meloidogyne javanica . Phosphocomposts: Sugar beet phosphocompost (PC-SB: CP2), green waste phosphocompost (PC-GW: CP3), and olive mill waste phosphocompost (PC-OMW: CP4), were utilized to produce compost water extracts at concentrations of 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:100 g:mL and then applied as soil drenches for tomato seedlings one-week post-inoculation. The CP2 extract applied at a 1:5 dilution led to marked improvements in growth parameters, with plant height increasing by over 52.2%, shoot fresh biomass rising by approximately 52.44%, and shoot dry biomass showing a gain of 62.21%. Root biomass also rose by 33%. Chlorophyll a increased with CP4 at 1:5 and 1:100 (41.05% and 37.32%), chlorophyll b increased with CP3 at 1:5 and 1:10 (22.34% and 7.59%), while carotenes showed no variation. Polyphenols rose by 86.45–91.01% with CP2 from 1:5 to 1:20, and flavonoids increased by 64.90% with CP4 at 1:10. CP2 diminished the ultimate M. javanica population and reproduction factor by 171.43%, while CP4 at 1:20 decreased egg masses by 151.94%. The root gall index showed no variation. The chemical composition of phosphocomposts revealed that the strategic incorporation of diverse organic improvers (10%) in phosphocomposts yielded distinct nutrient signatures, with sugar beet waste enhancing PO 4 3− (12.91 mg/L) and secondary macronutrients, green waste optimizing NO 3 − (69.91 mg/L) and SO 4 2− (62.70 mg/L) availability, and olive mill waste producing superior micronutrient concentrations alongside dominant Ca (24.21 mg/L), K (392.50 mg/L), and P (9.17 mg/L) levels. Overall, the results underscore the potential of phosphocompost extracts as a viable, low-cost, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides, offering a sustainable and resilient approach to M. javanica control while enhancing tomato plant growth.

Keywords: root-knot nematodes; tomato; compost water extract; sustainable agriculture; plant growth promotion; biochemical analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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