Study on the Impact of Pipe Installation Height on the Hydraulic Performance of Combined Canal–Pipe Water Conveyance Systems

Yanan Liu, Meijian Bai (), Kai Zhang, Baozhong Zhang, Yinong Li, Yuanpeng Wang, Jintao Liu, Hairuo Liu and Yutian He
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Yanan Liu: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Meijian Bai: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Kai Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Baozhong Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Yinong Li: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Yuanpeng Wang: College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
Jintao Liu: College of Water Resources and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Hairuo Liu: China International Engineering Consulting Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100142, China
Yutian He: China South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Corporation Limited, Beijing 100038, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-22

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of pipe installation height on the hydraulic performance of a combined canal–pipe water conveyance system (CCPS) and provides practical recommendations. A combined experimental and numerical simulation approach was conducted to systematically analyze and evaluate the impact of different pipe installation heights (0, 1, 3, and 5 cm) and flow rates (18.40, 21.21, 24.74, 28.27, 33.58, and 38.88 L/s) on the system’s behavior. The results indicated that the canal water depths obtained from the numerical simulations were in close agreement with the measurements from the experiments. The water depth in the upstream canal remained nearly parallel to the canal bottom. At the junction, the trend of water depth varies under different flow rates. When the flow rate is low, the water depth sharply decreases. Conversely, when the flow rate is higher, the water depth rises significantly. Cross sections farther from the junction exhibit a higher uniformity in flow velocity distribution. As the height of the pipe installation increases, the range of influence of the junction on the flow velocity distribution in the upstream canal decreases. The elevation of the pipe installation height has been instrumental in enhancing the uniformity of flow velocity distribution across the section. However, the local head loss gradually increases as the installation height increases. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent eddy dissipation rate (TED) are negatively correlated with the distance between the section and the junction point, and the maximum value decreases gradually with increasing values of the pipe installation height. Considering the hydraulic performance and engineering construction investment, the recommended pipe installation height under the conditions of this study is 1 cm.

Keywords: irrigation district; combined canal–pipe water conveyance system (CCPS); pipe installation heights; flow rates; local head loss; hydraulic performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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