Deciphering Heat Stress Mechanisms and Developing Mitigation Strategies in Dairy Cattle: A Multi-Omics Perspective

Zhiyi Xiong, Lin Li, Kehui Ouyang, Mingren Qu and Qinghua Qiu ()
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Zhiyi Xiong: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Lin Li: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Kehui Ouyang: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Mingren Qu: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Qinghua Qiu: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-19

Abstract: Heat stress (HS) in dairy cattle triggers systemic physiological disruptions, including milk yield decline, immune suppression, and reproductive dysfunction, jeopardizing sustainable livestock production. While conventional single-omics or phenotypic studies have provided fragmented insights, they fail to decipher the multi-layered regulatory networks and gene–environment interactions underlying HS. This review integrates current knowledge on HS-induced physiological responses and molecular adaptations in dairy cattle from a multi-omics perspective, highlighting integrative approaches that combine IoT-enabled monitoring and AI-driven genetic improvement strategies. However, key challenges persist, such as complexities in bioinformatic data integration, CRISPR off-target effects, and ethical controversies. Future directions will emphasize the development and application of AI-aided predictive models to enable precision breeding, thereby advancing climate-resilient genetic improvement in dairy cattle.

Keywords: acclimation; dairy cattle; heat stress; induction mechanism; mitigation strategy; multi-omics; quorum sensing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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