Life Cycle Assessment of Key Mediterranean Agricultural Products at the Farm Level Using GHG Measurements

Georgios Bartzas, Maria Doula and Konstantinos Komnitsas ()
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Georgios Bartzas: School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, Kounoupidiana, 73100 Chania, Greece
Maria Doula: Laboratory of Non Parasitic Diseases, Soil Resources and Geoinformatics, Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Komnitsas: School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, Kounoupidiana, 73100 Chania, Greece

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-18

Abstract: Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contribute significantly to climate change and underline the importance of reliable measurements and mitigation strategies. This life cycle assessment (LCA)-based study evaluates the environmental impacts of four key Mediterranean agricultural products, namely olives, sweet potatoes, corn, and grapes using GHG measurements at four pilot fields located in different regions of Greece. With the use of a cradle-to-gate approach six environmental impact categories, more specifically acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), and cumulative energy demand (CED) as energy-based indicator are assessed. The functional unit used is 1 ha of cultivated land. Any potential carbon offsets from mitigation practices are assessed through an integrated low-carbon certification framework and the use of innovative, site-specific technologies. In this context, the present study evaluates three life cycle inventory (LCI)-based scenarios: Baseline (BS), which represents a 3-year crop production period; Field-based (FS), which includes on-site CO 2 and CH 4 measurements to assess the effects of mitigation practices; and Inventoried (IS), which relies on comprehensive datasets. The adoption of carbon mitigation practices under the FS scenario resulted in considerable reductions in environmental impacts for all pilot fields assessed, with average improvements of 8% for olive, 5.7% for sweet potato, 4.5% for corn, and 6.5% for grape production compared to the BS scenario. The uncertainty analysis indicates that among the LCI-based scenarios evaluated, the IS scenario exhibits the lowest variability, with coefficient of variation (CV) values ranging from 0.5% to 7.3%. In contrast, the FS scenario shows slightly higher uncertainty, with CVs reaching up to 15.7% for AP and 14.7% for EP impact categories in corn production. The incorporation of on-site GHG measurements improves the precision of environmental performance and supports the development of site-specific LCI data. This benchmark study has a noticeable transferability potential and contributes to the adoption of sustainable practices in other regions with similar characteristics.

Keywords: LCA; on-site GHG measurements; pilot fields; carbon reduction; olives; vegetables; cereals; grapes; scenario analysis; uncertainty analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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