Inversion of County-Level Farmland Soil Moisture Based on SHAP and Stacking Models

Hui Zhan, Peng Guo (), Jiaxin Hao, Jiali Li and Zixu Wang
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Hui Zhan: College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Peng Guo: College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Jiaxin Hao: College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Jiali Li: College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Zixu Wang: College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-21

Abstract: Accurate monitoring of soil moisture in arid agricultural regions is essential for improving crop production and the efficient management of water resources. This study focuses on Shihezi City in Xinjiang, China. We propose a novel method for soil moisture retrieval by integrating Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 remote sensing data. Dual-polarization parameters (VV + VH and VV × VH) were constructed and tested. Pearson correlation analysis showed that these polarization combinations carried the most useful information for soil moisture estimation. We then applied Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for feature selection, and a Stacking model was used to perform soil moisture inversion based on the selected features. SHAP values derived from the coupled support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) models were used to select an additional six key features for model construction. Building on this framework, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive performance of multivariate linear regression (MLR), RFR, SVR, and a Stacking model that integrates these three models. The results demonstrate that the Stacking model outperformed other approaches in soil moisture retrieval, achieving a higher R 2 of 0.70 compared to 0.52, 0.61, and 0.62 for MLR, RFR, and SVR, respectively. This process concluded with the use of the Stacking model to generate a county-level farmland soil moisture distribution map, which provides an objective and practical approach to guide agricultural management and the optimized allocation of water resources in arid regions.

Keywords: soil moisture inversion; Stacking model; county-level farmland; SHAP value; SAR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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