Automatic Vibration Balancing System for Combine Harvester Threshing Drums Using Signal Conditioning and Optimization Algorithms

Xinyang Gu, Bangzhui Wang, Zhong Tang (), Honglei Zhang and Hao Zhang
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Xinyang Gu: School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Bangzhui Wang: School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Zhong Tang: School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Honglei Zhang: School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Hao Zhang: School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-28

Abstract: The threshing drum, a core component in combine harvesters, experiences significant unbalanced vibrations during high-speed rotation, leading to severe mechanical wear, increased energy consumption, elevated noise levels, potential safety hazards, and higher maintenance costs. A primary challenge is that excessive interference signals often obscure the fundamental frequency characteristics of the vibration, hampering balancing effectiveness. This study introduces a signal conditioning model to suppress such interference and accurately extract the unbalanced quantities from the raw signal. Leveraging this extracted vibration force signal, an automatic optimization method for the balancing counterweights was developed, solving calculation issues inherent in traditional approaches. This formed the basis for an automatic balancing control strategy and an integrated system designed for online monitoring and real-time control. The system continuously adjusts the rotation angles, θ 1 and θ 2 , of the balancing weight disks based on live signal characteristics, effectively reducing the drum’s imbalance under both internal and external excitation states. This enables a closed loop of online vibration testing, signal processing, and real-time balance control. Experimental trials demonstrated a significant 63.9% reduction in vibration amplitude, from 55.41 m/s 2 to 20.00 m/s 2 . This research provides a vital theoretical reference for addressing structural instability in agricultural equipment.

Keywords: combine harvester; threshing drum; unbalanced vibration; vibration signal processing; dynamic balance calculation; monitoring system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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