Seeding Status Monitoring System for Toothed-Disk Cotton Seeders Based on Modular Optoelectronic Sensors

Tao Jiang, Xuejun Zhang (), Zenglu Shi, Jingyi Liu, Wei Jin, Jinshan Yan, Duijin Wang and Jian Chen
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Tao Jiang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Xuejun Zhang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Zenglu Shi: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Jingyi Liu: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Wei Jin: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Jinshan Yan: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Duijin Wang: Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company Limited, Tiemenguan 841007, China
Jian Chen: Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company Limited, Tiemenguan 841007, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-20

Abstract: In precision cotton seeding, the toothed-disk precision seeder often experiences issues with missed seeding and multiple seeding. To promptly detect and address these abnormal seeding conditions, this study develops a modular photoelectric sensing monitoring system. Initially, the monitoring time window is divided using the capacitance sensing signal between two seed drop ports. Concurrently, a photoelectric monitoring circuit is designed to convert the time when seeds block the sensor into a level signal. Subsequently, threshold segmentation is performed on the time when seeds block the photoelectric path under different seeding states. The proposed spatiotemporal joint counting algorithm identifies, in real time, the threshold type of the photoelectric sensor’s output signal within the current monitoring time window, enabling the differentiation of seeding states and the recording of data. Additionally, an STM32 micro-controller serves as the core of the signal acquisition circuit, sending collected data to the PC terminal via serial port communication. The graphical display interface, designed with LVGL (Light and Versatile Graphics Library), updates the seeding monitoring information in real time. Compared to photoelectric monitoring algorithms that detect seed pickup at the seed metering disc, the monitoring node in this study is positioned posteriorly within the seed guide chamber. Consequently, the differentiation between single seeding and multiple seeding is achieved with greater accuracy by the spatiotemporal joint counting algorithm, thereby enhancing the monitoring precision of the system. Field test results indicate that the system’s average accuracy for single-seeding monitoring is 97.30%, for missed-seeding monitoring is 96.48%, and for multiple-seeding monitoring is 96.47%. The average probability of system misjudgment is 3.25%. These outcomes suggest that the proposed modular photoelectric sensing monitoring system can meet the monitoring requirements of precision cotton seeding at various seeding speeds.

Keywords: toothed-disk cotton seeder; modular sensor; spatiotemporal joint algorithm; seeding state; monitoring system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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