Apple Rootstock Cutting Drought-Stress-Monitoring Model Based on IMYOLOv11n-Seg

Xu Wang, Hongjie Liu, Pengfei Wang, Long Gao and Xin Yang ()
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Xu Wang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Hongjie Liu: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Pengfei Wang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Long Gao: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Xin Yang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-21

Abstract: To ensure the normal water status of apple rootstock softwood cuttings during the initial stage of cutting, a drought stress monitoring model was designed. The model is optimized based on the YOLOv11n-seg instance segmentation model, using the leaf curl degree of cuttings as the classification basis for drought-stress grades. The backbone structure of the IMYOLOv11n-seg model is improved by the C3K2_CMUNeXt module and the multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism module. The neck part is optimized by the KFHA module (Kalman filter and Hungarian algorithm model), and the head part enhances post-processing effects through HIoU-SD (hierarchical IoU–spatial distance filtering algorithm). The IMYOLOv11-seg model achieves an average inference speed of 33.53 FPS (frames per second) and the mean intersection over union (MIoU) value of 0.927. The average recognition accuracies for cuttings under normal water status, mild drought stress, moderate drought stress, and severe drought stress are 94.39%, 93.27%, 94.31%, and 94.71%, respectively. The IMYOLOv11n-seg model demonstrates the best comprehensive performance in ablation and comparative experiments. The automatic humidification system equipped with the IMYOLOv11n-seg model saves 6.14% more water than the labor group. This study provides a design approach for an automatic humidification system in protected agriculture during apple rootstock cutting propagation.

Keywords: YOLOv11n-seg; instance segmentation; cuttings; leaf curl degree; drought-stress grade (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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