Climate-Induced Heat Stress Responses on Indigenous Varieties and Elite Hybrids of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.)

Amar Kant Kushwaha, Damodaran Thukkaram (), Dheerendra Rastogi, Ningthoujam Samarendra Singh, Karma Beer, Prasenjit Debnath, Vishambhar Dayal, Ashish Yadav, Swosti Suvadarsini Das, Anju Bajpai and Muthukumar Manoharan
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Amar Kant Kushwaha: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Damodaran Thukkaram: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Dheerendra Rastogi: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Ningthoujam Samarendra Singh: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Karma Beer: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Prasenjit Debnath: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Vishambhar Dayal: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Ashish Yadav: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Swosti Suvadarsini Das: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Anju Bajpai: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India
Muthukumar Manoharan: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, India

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-17

Abstract: Mango is highly sensitive to heat stress, which directly affects the yield and quality. The extreme heat waves of 2024, with temperatures reaching 41–47 °C over 25 days, caused significant impacts on sensitive cultivars. The impact of heat waves on ten commercial cultivars from subtropical regions viz.,‘Dashehari’, ‘Langra’, ‘Chausa’, ‘Bombay Green’, ‘Himsagar’, ‘Amrapali’, ‘Mallika’, ‘Sharda Bhog’, ‘Kesar’, and ‘Rataul’, and thirteen selected elite hybrids H-4208, H-3680, H-4505, H-3833, H-4504, H-1739, H-3623, H-1084, H-4264, HS-01, H-949, H-4065, and H-2805, is reported. The predominant effects that were observed include the following: burning symptoms or blackened tips, surrounded by a yellow halo, with premature ripening in affected parts and, in severe cases, tissue mummification. Among commercial cultivars, viz., ‘Amrapali’ (25%), ‘Mallika’ (30%), ‘Langra’ (30%), ‘Dashehari’ (50%), and ‘Himsagar’ and ‘Bombay Green’ had severe impacts, with ~80% of fruits being affected, followed by ‘Sharda Bhog’. In contrast, mid-maturing cultivars like ‘Kesar’, ‘Rataul’, and late-maturing elite hybrids, which were immature during the stress period, showed no symptoms, indicating they are tolerant. Biochemical analyses revealed significantly elevated total soluble solids (TSS > 25 °B) in affected areas of sensitive genotypes compared to non-affected tissues and tolerant genotypes. Aroma profiling indicated variations in compounds such as caryophyllene and humulene between affected and unaffected parts. The study envisages that the phenological maturity scales are indicators for the selection of climate-resilient mango varieties/hybrids and shows potential for future breeding programs.

Keywords: mango; climate resilience; heat wave; India; phenology; phenol; GC-MS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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