Influence of Golden Moles on Nematode Diversity in Kweek Grassland, Sovenga Hills, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Ebrahim Shokoohi (), Jonathan Eisenback and Peter Masoko
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Ebrahim Shokoohi: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
Jonathan Eisenback: School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Peter Masoko: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-18

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of golden moles ( Amblysomus sp.) on the abundance, diversity, and community structure of nematodes in kweek grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) within the Sovenga Hills of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Eight sites were sampled: four with active moles (sites: M1–M4), and four without (sites: T1–T4). Eighty soil samples were collected, and nematodes were extracted. A total of 23 nematode genera were identified, including 3 plant-parasitic and 20 free-living genera. The frequency of occurrence (FO) data showed that Aphelenchus sp. and Acrobeles sp. were the most prevalent nematodes, each occurring in 87.5% of the samples. In contrast, Eucephalobus sp., Tripylina sp., Discolaimus sp., and Tylenchus sp. had the lowest FO, appearing in only 12.5% of samples. The diversity indices (the Shannon index, the maturity index, and the plant-parasitic index) showed significant differences between the two environments. The Shannon index (H′) and maturity index were the most effective indicators of ecosystem disturbance. The lowest H′ was found at T4 (1.7 ± 0.2), compared with a higher value at M1 (2.4 ± 0.1). The principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed a positive correlation between Ditylenchus and the clay in the soil. In addition, Cervidellus was associated with soil pH. Network analysis revealed increased complexity in the nematode community structure at mole-affected sites. These findings suggest that mole activity alters soil properties and indirectly affects nematode diversity and trophic structure.

Keywords: biodiversity; food web; golden mole; grassland; nematodes; soil health; South Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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