Differential Responses of Two Sorghum Genotypes to Drought Stress at Seedling Stage Revealed by Integrated Physiological and Transcriptional Analysis

Manhong Wang, Irshad Ahmad, Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim, Bin Qin, Hailu Zhu, Guanglong Zhu and Guisheng Zhou ()
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Manhong Wang: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Irshad Ahmad: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Bin Qin: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Hailu Zhu: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Guanglong Zhu: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Guisheng Zhou: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Drought stress significantly limits crop growth and yield, and the mechanisms underlying genotypic variation in drought tolerance remain unclear. This study investigated the growth and transcriptomic responses of two sorghum varieties, drought-sensitive Jinza 35 (V1) and drought-tolerant Longza 24 (V2), under drought conditions. Comparative transcriptomic analysis, along with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, revealed distinct molecular mechanisms between the two varieties. Both varieties exhibited drought-responsive changes in photosynthesis-related pathways. However, the drought-tolerant V2 showed significant enrichment in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch-sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signaling pathways, suggesting enhanced metabolic flexibility under stress. In contrast, V1 primarily activated ribosome metabolism and cell cycle regulation pathways, indicating a less adaptive response focused on basic cellular processes. These findings highlight key metabolic and regulatory differences underlying drought tolerance in sorghum. The study provides valuable molecular insights and candidate pathways for future functional studies and the breeding of drought-resistant sorghum varieties.

Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.); drought stress; physiological; transcriptome (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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