Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System for Agricultural Equipment: A Review

Chao Zhang (), Xiongwei Xia, Hong Zheng and Hongping Jia
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Chao Zhang: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Xiongwei Xia: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Hong Zheng: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Hongping Jia: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 19, 1-22

Abstract: The electrification of agricultural equipment is a critical pathway to address the dual challenges of increasing global food production and ensuring sustainable agricultural development. As the core power unit, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system faces severe challenges in achieving high performance, robustness, and reliable control in complex farmland environments characterized by sudden load changes, extreme operating conditions, and strong interference. This paper provides a comprehensive review of key technological advancements in PMSM drive systems for agricultural electrification. First, it analyzes solutions to enhance the reliability of power converters, including high-frequency silicon carbide (SiC)/gallium nitride (GaN) power device packaging, thermal management, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. Second, it systematically elaborates on high-performance motor control algorithms such as Direct Torque Control (DTC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for improving dynamic response; robust control strategies like Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) for enhancing resilience; and the latest progress in fault-tolerant control architectures incorporating sensorless technology. Furthermore, the paper identifies core challenges in large-scale applications, including environmental adaptability, real-time multi-machine coordination, and high reliability requirements. Innovatively, this review proposes a closed-loop intelligent control paradigm encompassing environmental disturbance prediction, control parameter self-tuning, and actuator dynamic response. This paradigm provides theoretical support for enhancing the autonomous adaptability and operational quality of agricultural machinery in unstructured environments. Finally, future trends involving deep AI integration, collaborative hardware innovation, and agricultural ecosystem construction are outlined.

Keywords: smart agricultural machinery; permanent magnet synchronous motor; high-performance motor control; fault-tolerant control; reliability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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