Application of Gene Editing Technology in Livestock: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Jing Wang, Lei Zhang, Chuanying Pan, Xianyong Lan, Baosong Xing () and Mingxun Li ()
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Jing Wang: Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Lei Zhang: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Chuanying Pan: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Xianyong Lan: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Baosong Xing: Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Mingxun Li: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 20, 1-27

Abstract: Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have revolutionized livestock genetics. They enable precise, efficient, and inheritable genome modifications. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of gene editing in livestock. We focus on six key areas: enhancement of disease resistance, improvement of growth performance and meat production traits, modification of milk composition, regulation of reproductive traits, adaptation to environmental stress, and promotion of animal welfare. For example, they have played an important role in improving mastitis resistance in cows, enhancing meat production performance in pigs, increasing milk yield in goats, and producing polled cows. Despite rapid progress, practical implementation in animal breeding still faces challenges. These include off-target effects, low embryo editing efficiency, delivery limitations, and ethical as well as regulatory constraints. Future directions emphasize the development of advanced editing tools, multiplex trait integration, and harmonized public policy. With continued innovation and responsible oversight, gene editing holds great promise for sustainable animal agriculture and global food security.

Keywords: livestock; gene editing; ZFN; TALEN; CRISPR/Cas9 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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