Enhancing Peanut Crop Quality Under Arsenic Stress Through Agronomic Amendments

Soledad Martos, Mengchen Ye, Antonio Riofrío, Roser Tolrà () and Eliana Bianucci
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Soledad Martos: Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Mengchen Ye: Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Antonio Riofrío: Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Roser Tolrà: Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Eliana Bianucci: Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-26

Abstract: Arsenic (As) contamination poses a major challenge to sustainable crop production, particularly in legumes such as peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.), where it disrupts growth, nodulation, and redox homeostasis. This study evaluated the potential of circular-economy-based amendments derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus djamor and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to mitigate As stress in peanut plants. Six growth conditions were tested under 20 µM arsenate, including single and combined inoculations with P. djamor and Pseudomonas fluorescens , as well as a residue-only benchmark (E). Results showed that the unamended control (AP) exhibited the highest As accumulation, oxidative stress (H 2 O 2 , TBARs), and biomass loss, whereas SMS-based amendments attenuated these effects. Treatments HB (SMS + P. djamor + PGPB) and B (SMS + PGPB) combined low As translocation with enhanced antioxidant performance (SOD, CAT), maintaining growth and pigment stability. Amendment H (SMS + P. djamor ) preferentially activated phytochelatin-related genes ( PCS2 , CAD1 ), while E minimized As uptake but lacked circular applicability. Overall, SMS-PGPB interactions promoted As retention in roots and strengthened ROS-scavenging defenses. These findings highlight SMS-based amendments as viable, sustainable strategies to enhance peanut quality and resilience under As stress, supporting their integration into circular agronomic systems.

Keywords: Arachis hypogaea; arsenic; circular economy; plant growth promoting bacteria; Pleurotus djamor; spent mushroom substrate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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