Antifungal Efficacy of Essential Oils and Their Predominant Components Against Olive Fungal Pathogens

Elena Petrović, Karolina Vrandečić, Jasenka Ćosić, Tamara Siber and Sara Godena ()
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Elena Petrović: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
Karolina Vrandečić: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Jasenka Ćosić: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Tamara Siber: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Sara Godena: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: The antifungal effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) and their predominant components were tested on 14 phytopathogenic fungi isolated from olive trees. Commercial EOs from holy basil ( Ocimum tenuiflorum L.), Chinese cinnamon ( Cinnamomum aromaticum Ness), lemon ( Citrus × limon ), peppermint ( Mentha × piperita L.), oregano ( Origanum compactum Benth), and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) and components eugenol, e-cinnamaldehyde, limonene, menthol, carvacrol, and thymol were used. Antifungal efficacy was tested on six species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family: Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not.; Diplodia mutila (Fr.) Fr.; D. seriata De Not.; Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves; Do. sarmentorum (Fr.) A.J.L. Phillips, Alves & Luque; and Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips. Other tested species included Biscogniauxia mediterranea (De Not.) Kuntze, B. nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze; Cytospora pruinosa Défago; Nigrospora gorlenkoana Novobr.; N. osmanthi Mei Wang & L. Cai; N. philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai; Phaeoacremonium iranianum L. Mostert, Grafenhan, W. Gams & Crous; and Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex Desm.) Ces. & De Not. The results show that Chinese cinnamon and oregano EOs, along with their components, completely inhibited the growth of all tested fungi, indicating their potential as biological control agents in sustainable agriculture. In contrast, the least effective treatments were the EOs derived from lemon and peppermint, as well as the components limonene, menthol, and thymol. Notably, the fungi Do. iberica and N. gorlenkoana were among the most sensitive to all the treatments applied.

Keywords: carvacrol; Chinese cinnamon; e-cinnamaldehyde; metiram + pyraclostrobin; oregano; trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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