What to Expect from Brazil as a Nation Certified as Free from Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Without Vaccination

Felipe Masiero Salvarani (), André de Medeiros Costa Lins, Janayna Barroso dos Santos and Fernanda Monik Silva Martins
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Felipe Masiero Salvarani: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil
André de Medeiros Costa Lins: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil
Janayna Barroso dos Santos: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil
Fernanda Monik Silva Martins: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-23

Abstract: Achieving a Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)-free status without vaccination marks a significant milestone for Brazil, a major agricultural powerhouse with extensive cattle herds and vast borders. This certification represents not only a scientific and logistical achievement but also an opportunity for enhanced market access and strengthened biosecurity. However, transitioning to this status involves challenges, including maintaining stringent monitoring and surveillance, managing porous border regions, and mitigating risks from neighboring regions with varying FMD statuses. This review explores the expectations surrounding Brazil’s new status, including the anticipated economic benefits, the influence on Brazil’s international trade position, and the role of sustainable disease management practices. We also discuss potential risks, such as accidental reintroduction and surveillance gaps, which could impact livestock health and trade dynamics. With a focus on effective biosecurity, regional cooperation, and advanced diagnostic capabilities, Brazil’s journey to maintaining FMD-free status highlights both the opportunities and complexities of disease control in a nation deeply reliant on its agricultural sector. This status demands ongoing surveillance to support Brazil’s agricultural economy and ensure the long-term health security of its livestock industries.

Keywords: biosecurity; surveillance; economic impact; livestock health; border management; trade; disease control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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