A Semi-Supervised Diffusion-Based Framework for Weed Detection in Precision Agricultural Scenarios Using a Generative Attention Mechanism

Ruiheng Li, Xuaner Wang, Yuzhuo Cui, Yifei Xu, Yuhao Zhou, Xuechun Tang, Chenlu Jiang, Yihong Song, Hegan Dong () and Shuo Yan ()
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Ruiheng Li: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Xuaner Wang: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Yuzhuo Cui: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Yifei Xu: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Yuhao Zhou: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Xuechun Tang: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Chenlu Jiang: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Yihong Song: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Hegan Dong: College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Shuo Yan: China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-25

Abstract: The development of smart agriculture has created an urgent demand for efficient and accurate weed recognition and detection technologies. However, the diverse and complex morphology of weeds, coupled with the scarcity of labeled data in agricultural scenarios, poses significant challenges to traditional supervised learning methods. To address these issues, a weed detection model based on a semi-supervised diffusion generative network is proposed. This model integrates a generative attention mechanism and semi-diffusion loss to enable the efficient utilization of both labeled and unlabeled data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches across multiple evaluation metrics, achieving a precision of 0.94, recall of 0.90, accuracy of 0.92, and mAP@50 and mAP@75 of 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. Compared to traditional methods such as DETR, precision and recall are improved by approximately 10% and 8%, respectively. Additionally, compared to the enhanced YOLOv10, mAP@50 and mAP@75 are increased by 1% and 2%, respectively. The proposed semi-supervised diffusion weed detection model provides an efficient and reliable solution for weed recognition and introduces new research perspectives for the application of semi-supervised learning in smart agriculture. This framework establishes both theoretical and practical foundations for addressing complex target detection challenges in the agricultural domain.

Keywords: artificial intelligence in agriculture; weed detection; multi-scale feature extraction; deep learning; precision agriculture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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