Simulation and Experimental Studies of Heat-Mass Transfer and Stress–Strain in Carrots During Hot Air Drying

Yanyan Li, Mingxia Liang, Jinyan Li, Keyi Jiang, Xiyang Li () and Zhaohui Zheng ()
Additional contact information
Yanyan Li: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Mingxia Liang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Jinyan Li: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Keyi Jiang: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Xiyang Li: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Zhaohui Zheng: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: Models were developed to study the heat-mass transfer and stress–strain process in carrots during hot air drying. The distribution and variation in temperature, moisture content, strain, and stress of the samples were investigated at different drying temperatures. The results showed that the models developed could be used to simulate the hot air drying process of carrots; the maximum weighted absolute percentage errors were 9.01%. The difference between the heat flux and vapor diffusion flux in the regions led to a non-uniform temperature and moisture content distribution, which resulted in non-uniform strain, causing stress within the carrots. The value of the thermal strain and stress was small compared to that of the moisture strain and stress. The thermal stress and moisture stress increased first and then decreased; the peak values of thermal stress and moisture stress occurred in the middle period of the whole drying process. When the hot air drying temperature was higher, the peak value of stress was higher. These results are helpful for understanding the drying mechanism and optimizing operating conditions in carrot drying.

Keywords: heat-mass transfer; stress–strain; hot air drying; simulation; carrot (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/5/484/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/5/484/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:5:p:484-:d:1598351

Access Statistics for this article

Agriculture is currently edited by Ms. Leda Xuan

More articles in Agriculture from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().