Effective Trace Mineral Processing Technology for Pigs and Broilers

Hyunseo Lee and Minju Kim ()
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Hyunseo Lee: School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
Minju Kim: School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-24

Abstract: Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), as well as selenium (Se) are vital trace minerals supplemented for pigs and broilers that support their biological activities. In animals, trace minerals demonstrate a variety of effects that promote growth and improve health, depending on the form of supplementation (such as inorganic, organic, or nano forms) and the supplementation levels. Inorganic minerals with low bioavailability are excreted into the environment through feces, causing pollution. In contrast, organic minerals, which have higher bioavailability, can reduce mineral excretion into the environment. However, their high cost and the complexity of chelate analysis limit the complete replacement of inorganic minerals. Nano minerals, with their high biological surface area, exhibit enhanced bioavailability. Nonetheless, their effects are inconsistent, and their optimal usage levels have not been clearly established. Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technology serves as an innovative mineral processing technology tailored to pigs and broilers. Minerals processed through HME achieve nanoscale size, providing a larger surface area and improved bioavailability. Additionally, heat and pressure reduce toxicity, allowing for a lower usage level of minerals compared to inorganic, organic, or nano minerals, while offering various advantages. This review aims to explore forms and inclusion levels of trace minerals in pigs and broilers, as well as to discuss HME-minerals generated through HME technology.

Keywords: trace mineral; inorganic mineral; organic mineral; nano mineral; hot melt extrusion; pig; broiler (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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