Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Flood-Irrigated Rice as Affected by Phosphorus Fertilizer Source

Chandler M. Arel (), Kristofor R. Brye, Diego Della Lunga, Trenton L. Roberts and Richard Adams
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Chandler M. Arel: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Kristofor R. Brye: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Diego Della Lunga: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Trenton L. Roberts: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Richard Adams: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-20

Abstract: Research into alternative phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources that may be able to supplement P resources is necessary. Struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 · 6H 2 O) can be made by removing excess nutrients from waste sources and may reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. This study sought to quantify GHG [i.e., methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )] fluxes, season-long emissions, and net GHG emissions from chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) and synthetic and real-wastewater-derived electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) compared to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and an unamended control (UC) from flood-irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown in P-deficient, silt loam soil in a greenhouse. Gas samples were collected weekly over a 140-day period in 2022. Methane and CO 2 emissions differed ( p < 0.05) among P fertilizer sources, while N 2 O emissions were similar among all treatments. Methane, CO 2 , and N 2 O emissions from MAP-fertilized rice were the greatest (98.7, 20,960, and 0.44 kg ha −1 season −1 , respectively), but they were similar to those of CH 4 and CO 2 for CPST and those of N 2 O for all other P fertilizer sources. Season-long CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O emissions and net GHG emissions did not differ between ECST materials. This study’s results emphasized the potential that wastewater-recovered struvite has to reduce GHG emissions in rice production systems.

Keywords: electrochemically precipitated struvite; greenhouse gasses; phosphorus fertilizer; flood-irrigated rice (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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