Towards Secure and Efficient Farming Using Self-Regulating Heterogeneous Federated Learning in Dynamic Network Conditions

Sai Puppala () and Koushik Sinha
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Sai Puppala: Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, 1230 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
Koushik Sinha: Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, 1230 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-38

Abstract: The advancement of precision agriculture increasingly depends on innovative technological solutions that optimize resource utilization and minimize environmental impact. This paper introduces a novel heterogeneous federated learning architecture specifically designed for intelligent agricultural systems, with a focus on combine tractors equipped with advanced nutrient and crop health sensors. Unlike conventional FL applications, our architecture uniquely addresses the challenges of communication efficiency, dynamic network conditions, and resource allocation in rural farming environments. By adopting a decentralized approach, we ensure that sensitive data remain localized, thereby enhancing security while facilitating effective collaboration among devices. The architecture promotes the formation of adaptive clusters based on operational capabilities and geographical proximity, optimizing communication between edge devices and a global server. Furthermore, we implement a robust checkpointing mechanism and a dynamic data transmission strategy, ensuring efficient model updates in the face of fluctuating network conditions. Through a comprehensive assessment of computational power, energy efficiency, and latency, our system intelligently classifies devices, significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of federated learning processes. This paper details the architecture, operational procedures, and evaluation methodologies, demonstrating how our approach has the potential to transform agricultural practices through data-driven decision-making and promote sustainable farming practices tailored to the unique challenges of the agricultural sector.

Keywords: smart farming; heterogeneous federated learning; dynamic networks; artificial intelligence; wireless communications (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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