Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Liangshan Black Pigs, a New Indigenous Pig Breed in Shandong Province

Jingxuan Li, Xin Zhang, Kaifeng Zhou, Jiying Wang, Yanping Wang, Xingyan Zhao and Xueyan Zhao ()
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Jingxuan Li: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Xin Zhang: Jining Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, Jining 272004, China
Kaifeng Zhou: Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250010, China
Jiying Wang: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Yanping Wang: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Xingyan Zhao: Jincheng Livestock Development Co., Ltd. of Liangshan County of Shandong Province, Jining 272600, China
Xueyan Zhao: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: Liangshan Black pigs are a new Chinese indigenous breed discovered during the Third National Survey of Livestock and Plant Genetic Resources. To uncover genetic diversity, population structure, and potential exotic introgression in this breed, we sampled 191 Liangshan Black pigs from the conservation population and genotyped these individuals using the “Zhongxin-I” porcine chip, then conducted in-depth population genetic analyses in the context of pigs from five introduced breeds. The results revealed that the tested individuals exhibited significant genetic diversity, displayed uneven kinship relationships, and were assigned to nine families according to their clustering patterns in the phylogenetic tree. Further relationship analyses with the five introduced breeds demonstrated that Liangshan Black pigs were clustered separately from the introduced breeds, had larger evolutionary distances with the introduced breeds, and possessed certain genetic components of the introduced breeds, especially those of Duroc. These findings demonstrate that Liangshan Black pigs are generally an indigenous breed independent of the introduced breeds but are slightly affected by the introduced breeds. In summary, the results of our study not only contribute to an in-depth understanding of the population genetic characteristics of Liangshan Black pigs but also provide the necessary data for the implementation of conservation programs.

Keywords: pigs; genetic diversity; genetic characteristics; conservation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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