Open and Closed Innovation: A Comparative Analysis of National Practices

Marion Frenz () and Ray Lambert ()
Additional contact information
Marion Frenz: University of London (UK)
Ray Lambert: Division for S&I Analysis, Department for Business, Innovation & Skills

Foresight and STI Governance, 2008, vol. 2, issue 3, 16-31

Abstract: This paper sets about identifying different and complex innovation practices across nine countries by exploring data from firm level innovation surveys conducted in nine countries: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that innovating firms in these countries adopt one or more of the following innovation modes: 1) ‘new-to-market innovating’, 2) ‘marketing based imitating’, 3) ‘process modernising’, 4) ‘wider innovating’. The extent to which IPRs, external technology, design or marketing activities play a role in these innovation practices varies across countries. For example, in Austria, Denmark and New Zealand diffused technology (externally acquired R&D) is used together with own technology in bringing about novel products, suggesting a more open innovation pattern. In contrast, among firms in France, New Zealand and the UK we identify a greater reliance on IPRs (e.g. patents, copyrights and design registrations) while at the same time omitting externally acquired technologies. The latter may be interpreted as leaning towards a closed approach to innovation among a group of firms. Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.

Keywords: innovation; technology innovation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2008
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://foresight-journal.hse.ru/data/2010/12/31/1208181708/04_16-31.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hig:fsight:v:2:y:2008:i:3:p:16-31

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Foresight and STI Governance from National Research University Higher School of Economics
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Nataliya Gavrilicheva () and Mikhail Salazkin ().