Online Product Opinions: Incidence, Evaluation, and Evolution

Wendy W. Moe () and David A. Schweidel ()
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Wendy W. Moe: Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20472
David A. Schweidel: Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Marketing Science, 2012, vol. 31, issue 3, 372-386

Abstract: Whereas recent research has demonstrated the impact of online product ratings and reviews on product sales, we still have a limited understanding of the individual's decision to contribute these opinions. In this research, we empirically model the individual's decision to provide a product rating and investigate factors that influence this decision. Specifically, we consider how previously posted ratings may affect an individual's posting behavior in terms of whether to contribute (incidence) and what to contribute (evaluation), and we identify selection effects that influence the incidence decision and adjustment effects that influence the evaluation decision.

Across individuals, our results show that positive ratings environments increase posting incidence, whereas negative ratings environments discourage posting. Our results also indicate important differences across individuals in how they respond to previously posted ratings, with less frequent posters exhibiting bandwagon behavior and more active customers revealing differentiation behavior. These dynamics affect the evolution of online product opinions. Through simulations, we illustrate how the evolution of posted product opinions is shaped by the underlying customer base and show that customer bases with the same median opinion may evolve in substantially different ways because of the presence of a core group of "activists" posting increasingly negative opinions.

Keywords: online social media; word of mouth; social dynamics; Bayesian estimation; Internet marketing; user-generated content (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (149)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:inm:ormksc:v:31:y:2012:i:3:p:372-386

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