Optimal Centralized Ordering Policies in Multi-Echelon Inventory Systems with Correlated Demands

Nesim Erkip, Warren H. Hausman and Steven Nahmias
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Nesim Erkip: Department of Industrial Engineering, Middle East Technical University (ODTU), Ankara, Turkey
Warren H. Hausman: Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
Steven Nahmias: Department of Decision and Information Sciences, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053

Management Science, 1990, vol. 36, issue 3, 381-392

Abstract: This paper treats a depot-warehouse system in which demand occurs at the warehouse or retail level. This work differs from a number of other studies in that we allow item demands to be correlated both across warehouses and also correlated in time. Our motivation for this generalization arises from our experience with an actual system of this type used by a major national producer and distributor of consumer products. We observed both high correlations between successive monthly demands (around 0.7) and correlations between demands for an item at different locations (also about 0.7) in a given time period. We derive an explicit expression for the optimal safety stock as a function of the level of correlation through time. The analysis requires two assumptions: 1) the allocation assumption and 2) the equal coefficient of variation assumption. (Similar assumptions have been used by other researchers.) Finally, numerical evaluations are included to illustrate the impact of the various magnitudes of correlation.

Keywords: inventory; multi-echelon; issuing policies; stochastic model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1990
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