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Total Systems Concept

Richard W. Graham, Jr.
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Richard W. Graham, Jr.: Standard Oil Company of Ohio

Management Science, 1964, vol. MT-4, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: There has been much written about "Scientific Management," and its value and application to business operations. Advances in technology, particularly in the field of electronic computers, have stimulated changes of a significant nature in how data is obtained and processed in a business organization. With the development of more sophisticated machines to manipulate data rapidly and easily, there have been advances made in techniques to analyze and evaluate the data being processed. Various statistical methods and optimization schemes have become common tools to the scientist, market specialist, and financial analyst. The union of such techniques with electronic computers has resulted in the solution to many problems which heretofore were infeasible, if not impossible. The end result is that, today, management has at its disposal the tools and techniques to obtain and evaluate more data than ever before in the history of business. Data of itself, however, is meaningless. It is the combination of data in its various aspects which makes available to management that which it must have to operate effectively--that is, information. "Management Technology", ISSN 0542-4917, was published as a separate journal from 1960 to 1964. In 1965 it was merged into Management Science.

Date: 1964
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